KEPELBAGAIAN DIALEK DALAM KELUARGA DUSUNIK: ANALISIS CIRI LEKSIKAL

DIVERSITY DIALECTS IN THE FAMILY OF DUSUNIK: AN ANALYSIS OF LEXICAL ELEMENT

Abstract

Makalah ini bertujuan untuk meneliti variasi fonem dalam leksikal dialek-dialek keluarga Dusunik, iaitu Bunduliwan, Tangara, Tatana, Mangkaak, Dumpas dan Rungus. Data diteliti menggunakan kaedah dialektologi generatif khususnya teori fonologi generatif. Data kajian diperoleh melalui kajian lapangan dan analisis dokumen menggunakan kamus. Sejumlah 207 senarai kata Swadesh terjemahan bahasa Melayu telah digunakan sebagai instrumen kajian bagi mendapatkan data. Hasil kajian mendapati fonologi dialek-dialek Dusunik mengalami proses perubahan dan pengguguran segmen dalam kata leksikal. Proses perubahan bunyi melibatkan 7 pasangan variasi fonem konsonan, iaitu fonem /l/ dan /h/, fonem /r/ dan /l/, fonem /l/ dan /d/, fonem /h/ dan /s/, fonem /w/ dan /v/, fonem /y/ dan /z/ serta fonem /Ɂ/ dan /k/. Proses pengguguran fonem konsonan pula melibatkan fonem /t/, /h/, /r/, /l/ dan /y/. Perubahan dan pengguguran fonem konsonan itu tersebar di awal kata, tengah kata dan akhir kata. Perubahan dan pengguguran boleh mempengaruhi bunyi kata sebutan asal dan memberi impak kepada darjah saling faham-memahami antara penutur dialek yang berasal dari satu bahasa yang sama. Semakin banyak perubahan dan pengguguran fonem, maka semakin besarlah perbezaan suatu dialek. Akibatnya darjah saling faham makin menurun dan kemungkinan dialek-dialek itu akan terpisah menjadi suatu bahasa sendiri. 

This paper aims to identify the variation of phoneme in the Dusunik family lexical of Bunduliwan, Tangara, Tatana, Mangkaak, Dumpas and Rungus. Data was observed by using the generative dialectology method focusing on generative phonology theory. Studied data was gathered from the field study and document analysis through the dictionary search. An amount of 207 Swadesh wordlist was translated into Malay language which is used for the purpose of instrumental study in gathering the required data. Based on study, it was found that the phonology in Dusunik family was undergoing a process of change and segmental dismissal in lexical word. The sound process change involves with 7 pair of consonant phoneme, which are the phoneme between /l/ and /h/, /r/ and /l/, /l/ and /d/, /h/ and /s/, /w/ and /v/, /y/ and /z/ and /Ɂ/ and /k/. On the other hand, the process which involves with the dismissal of consonant phoneme is the phoneme with /t/, /h/, /r/, /l/ and /y/. The changes and consonant phoneme dismissal are found to be spread on the early, middle and last word. Changes and dismissal in words may affect the pronunciation deviation from the original pronunciation and give impact to the degree of understanding between the speakers of the same one language. Increase in tendency for changes and phoneme dismissal will gives a big difference in a dialect. Hence, the resulting degree of understanding between one another will decrease and may result into the possibility of the dialects to be separated and form into a new language itself.